Focusing on the first scene Essay Example for Free

Concentrating on the principal scene Essay Toward the start of the play, from Alfieris monolog you can tell that there is consistent strain between the individuals in the area on account of when he says how I regularly imagine that behind that dubious little gesture of theirs untruth 3,000 years of doubt. This shows this trust hasnt been broken as of late, it has been returning ages upon ages. The remark Oh, there were numerous here who were evenhandedly shot by unfair men. Equity is significant here says to the peruser that regardless of how much savagery it might prompt it will be done, and in the hands of the Italian regular citizens. They dont go to the police and rather battle it out themselves. Things are clearly beginning to quiet down now however on the grounds that Alfieri no longer keeps a gun in his file organizer and says that individuals are currently very cultivated, very American. At the point when we initially meet the Carbone family, we see an energized Catherine inviting Eddie home from a difficult day of working in the docks. Catherine clearly has been looking out for his endorsement of her new dress since she is extremely energized when she asks him what he thinks, (running her hands over her skirt) I just got it. You like it? what's more, when he likewise gets some information about her hair change she needs his quick endorsement. Eddie conveys with complimenting remarks like gracious, your mom was alive to see you now and you appear as though one of them young ladies that headed off to college which is a supplement in itself since it is stating she looks savvy and refined dislike any normal individual. Whirlpools remark about how the dress looks somewhat short when she plunks down and how she strolls is the thing that uncovers his defense over her and how she may look alluring to other men. Tune in, you been giving me the creeps the manner in which you stroll down the road Im letting you know youre strolling wavy He doesnt like that she may appear to be alluring to different folks in the area. This surprises Catherine since Eddies endorsement clearly should mean such a great amount to her. She even nearly breaks into tears since he objects to how she strolls. Eddie has consistently rewarded Catherine like a child, even now when shes 17 years of age he says Youre an infant, you dont comprehend these things. at the point when he discusses her waving to Louis he cautions her that I could reveal to you things about Louis which you wouldnt wave to him no more. Louis is clearly not the decent person that Catherine thinks he his and appears as though he has a dull past. From Catherines remark about how I wish there was one person you couldnt educate me regarding implies that Eddies has a dull tale about each person in the local which is so awful it would really prompt a finish of discussion among them and Catherine. Beatrice and Eddies relationship has an undeniable issue which is that he has a larger number of affections for Catherine than he accomplishes for Beatrice. Which Beatrice acknowledges yet Eddie doesnt. Toward the starting Beatrice isnt so open about the way that she realizes Eddies has affections for his niece, however after some time she begins to contend with Eddie at whatever point its fair them left in the room. However, at the present time toward the starting Beatrice doesnt talk it out. When Eddie reveals to Catherine that Beatrices cousins have landed, B. is exceptionally worried about how the house looks and that she hasnt purchased another decorative liner (bewildered and apprehensive) Im I just I cannot trust it! I didnt even purchase another decorative spread; I was going to wash the dividers. Eddie is really a quite mindful individual and not simply the person who gets the cash. He consoles Beatrice that Listen, theyll think its a tycoons house contrasted with the manner in which they live this quiets her down a piece however she is still somewhat dubious until Eddie says Youre sparing their lives, whatre you agonizing over the decorative spread? They presumably didnt see a decorative spread in as long as they can remember where they originate from which starts to quiet her down. At the point when Beatrice and Catherine uncover to Eddie that Catherine may begin working, it isnt amazing that Eddie is concerned on the grounds that he has affections for her and clearly doesnt need her to go to work and meet other men. Additionally Eddie clearly as a rule has state in the house on the grounds that when they state Catherine has an occupation he answers with what work? Shes going to complete school. At the point when Catherine attempts to alter his perspective he interferes with her and says no, you going to complete school. It appears everything needs to experience swirls endorsement before anyone can roll out any improvements to anything. Be that as it may, when the two ladies figure out how to get him to half concur he still isnt secure with it. The stage bearing indicating that hes peculiarly anxious demonstrates this. It appears as though there is no limit to his inquiries since it goes from wheres the activity? What organization? to Nostrand Avenue and where? what exactly pretty much all the stuff you wouldnt get familiar with this year however. Eddie is simply attempting to keep Catherine at school so she will in any case be living in the house. In the event that she brings in her own cash at some point or another she will move away. In the event that she has been extended to an employment opportunity and been told she is the best understudy in the class there is no more for her to learn. At that point it goes to That aint what I needed, however. Which shows that Eddie had an arrangement set out for Catherine this entire time which would presumably save her in the house for whatever length of time that conceivable and now she wont be tailing it. He despite everything attempts to persuade her that she shouldnt go to work by saying Near the Navy Yard bounty can occur in a square and a half. Also, a pipes organization! That is one stage over the water front. Theyre for all intents and purposes longshoremen. Eddie himself is a longshoreman so this clearly implies on the off chance that she is going to leave he needs her to leave to more readily individuals than himself or Louis or the handymen at her transcription work. Beatrice answers with Yeah, however shell be in the workplace, Eddie yet again its not what Eddie had as a primary concern. He had meant well for Catherine since he needed her to be with various sort of individuals. I need you to be in a decent office. Perhaps a legal counselors office in New York in one of them decent structures. He clearly doesnt need her to go on the grounds that when Beatrice educates him to think concerning it (he is quiet, gazing down at the decorative liner, fingering the example). Beatrice discloses to him that shell escape the metro and be in the workplace in a short time however Eddie is by one way or another sickened by the possibility of her working in that area. After some time Eddie really consents to allow her to work, Catherine is energized and says that she will purchase new dishes with her first compensation and Eddie answers with an abrupt and afterward youll move away Catherine denies this allegation yet Eddie still continues with Why not? Such is reality. What's more, youll come visit on Sundays, at that point once per month, at that point Christmas and New Years, at last Catherine again denies the allegation however Eddie is harmed that she will go out and this shows he isnt prepared to proceed onward yet.

Health communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wellbeing correspondence - Essay Example I can make more prominent progress in the group through difficult work to defeat the pressure. I lean toward feeling to deduction. The fundamental explanation behind this is the need to keep up relational associations with others. I generally pick individual worries about the government assistance of others over unoriginal realities and target standard since it considers the perspectives of people associated with a circumstance. ‘Feeling’ empowers one to keep up concordance and consider people’s values, not at all like ‘thinking’, which requires the utilization of standards. In view of the article, the higher predominance of â€Å"feeling† people in nursing is a result of the requirement for concordance in the work environment. Those with an inclination for ‘thinking’ persevere through less worry than those with an inclination for ‘feeling’ (Nash, 2011). Nursing expects one to advocate for human-focused qualities that are in accordance with the way that individuals respond and feel. It empowers one to make singular exemptions for singular cases, instead of reasoning, which expects one to stand firm to laid out standards and hold firm to strategies. I concur with Anthony Espinoza that one can deal with pressure impeccably, contingent upon the circumstance. Also, stress lessens a person’s level of center, and it might block collaboration exercises that require coordination of endeavors. Sentiments frequently supersede thinking in light of the fact that about the need to keep up relational connections. For example, an attendant ought to be minding to patients, and they frequently accomplish this through a showcase of sentiments, regardless of the pressure they suffer in their long and depleting work hours. I concur with Angela Bregstrom that a huge number of worry from better places is hard to deal with. For example, in the event that one encounters worry at the working environment, it is just right that they ought not encounter worry at home or at school. The capacity of worry to emerge from for all intents and purposes all areas makes it a variable that requires most extreme consideration before its

Learn About Cognitive Distortion

Learn About Cognitive Distortion PTSD Symptoms Print Cognitive Distortion and How Negative Thoughts Affect PTSD How Negative Thoughts Affect People With PTSD By Matthew Tull, PhD twitter Matthew Tull, PhD is a professor of psychology at the University of Toledo, specializing in post-traumatic stress disorder. Learn about our editorial policy Matthew Tull, PhD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on August 05, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 13, 2020 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes & Risk Factors Treatment Living With In Children Arief Juwono / Getty Images You can better understand the definition of cognitive distortion by first acknowledging that we all have negative thoughts from time to time. This is especially the case for people with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In fact, negative thoughts are so common in certain mental health disorders that mental health professionals use the term cognitive distortions  to describe them. Also known as maladaptive thoughts, errors in thinking or irrational thoughts, cognitive distortions refer to unpleasant thoughts that are extreme, exaggerated or not consistent with what is actually going on in the real world. As a result, cognitive distortions can have a negative influence on our mood and eventually lead to unhealthy behaviors. The connection between thoughts and actions is part of the reason cognitive distortions are considered a central part of cognitive-behavioral therapy. For example, lets say you commonly have the thought, I will always be depressed. Whenever this thought pops into your head, you will likely start feeling sad, down, hopeless and helpless. Because of this, you may start to isolate yourself or avoid activities that you used to enjoy. This is then only going to increase the chance that your depression worsens and sticks around. This thought is a cognitive distortion. It is highly unlikely that you will always feel depressed. There may still be times when you feel a little better. In addition, looking at your past, chances are you havent always been depressed. So, while it may feel like you will always be depressed, in reality, your depression may come and go. Common Cognitive Distortions Below are some common cognitive distortions that may contribute to a negative mood. All-or-None Thinking This involves looking at a situation as either black or white or thinking that there are only two possible outcomes to a situation. An example of such thinking is, If I am not a complete success at my job; then I am a total failure. Catastrophizing This entails expecting the worse to happen without considering alternative outcomes that are more likely to happen. An example of this form of thinking is, I know that I will be so anxious that I will bomb this test and fail the course. Labeling This includes defining yourself or others in a rigid way that doesnt allow for more favorable evaluations. People who label might tell themselves, I am a total loser. Discounting the Positive This involves looking past and ignoring positive experiences or viewing positive experiences or outcomes as simply being due to chance. Someone who engages in this thinking might say, I got that job out of luck, not because I was qualified. Mind Reading People who mind read think they know what others are thinking. For example, they might say, I just know that my therapist thinks I am a waste of his time. Personalization This entails evaluating other peoples behavior as being the result of something you did. Someone who personalizes may think, She wasnt very polite toward me because I must have done something to upset her. Emotional Reasoning People who use emotional reasoning believe something is true because it feels that way. They may say, I must have failed that test because I feel so bad about my performance.

Equality and Diversity - 2238 Words

1. What is meant by diversity? Diversity means differences and variations, within in people for example different races, beliefs, physical appearances, age, capabilities, customs and gender and class. 2. Describe the community you live in. Highlight some of the variations you may observe in terms of: †¢ Interests †¢ Beliefs †¢ Ages †¢ Lifestyles †¢ Personal, social and cultural identities. The community I live in is very diverse, I live among various different cultures and lifestyles ranging from lower class to upper class. My street has different age groups living here from families with young children to pensioners. There are a range of interests within my village from sports clubs to various music/ dancing groups with†¦show more content†¦12. What is meant by stereotyping and labelling? Stereotyping and labelling is when a person or a group of people are seen or described in a particular way due to sharing a specific characteristic such as a person’s race or age. In a lot of circumstances stereotyping and labelling are not based on facts and are often linked to negative opinions. 13. Explain why some people stereotype others. Some people stereotype others as they feel they need to fit in within their social groups or make themselves feel better about themselves. Some people believe it makes them make sense of the world. 14. Provide two examples of the damaging effects that stereotyping and labelling can have on people. Stereotyping and labelling can have damaging effects on people as individuals who are being stereotyped might start to accept the negative labels and damage their self-esteem .Stereotyping and labelling also can damage people and society by causing conflict between individuals that may not have existed if it wasn’t down to people being stereotyped or labelled. 15. Provide at least two examples of the way stereotyping is perpetuated in society. Stereotyping continues to exist in society due to many factors the main ones being that the media continues to stereotype and label people within its target audience, people feel inclined to agree with their friends or peer groups opinions in order to fit in and also that parents and families are bringingShow MoreRelatedEquality and Diversity2900 Words   |  12 Pagesand is made up of 5 Parts. Name: Part 1: Understanding equality This section will help you to evidence Learning Outcome 1: Know the meaning of equality |Learning objective |Place in Assessment | |1.1 Define the following terms: |Question 1 Page 1 | |Equality Read MoreEquality and Diversity2601 Words   |  11 PagesRunning Head: EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 1 Equality and Diversity: A New Approach to Gender Equality  Policy in the UK Gender Studies 30th April 2011 EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY 2 Abstract The United Kingdom is a country that claims to be intolerant towards gender discrimination and at ease with diversity of all kinds. It believesRead MoreEquality and Diversity2575 Words   |  11 Pageswill demonstrate my understanding of equality and diversity as a key approach to policy and practice within my setting. I will make reference to current legislation such as equal pay act, disability discrimination act, sex discrimination act and equality act. Other areas of discriminatory practice I will discuss are language and terminology, stereotyping and attitudes in relation to children and young people. I will explore anti discriminatory practice and diversity that is within the everyday role ofRead MoreDiversity And Equality And Diversity1852 Words   |  8 PagesDiversity tends to be established by people from different spheres of life including different ethnicities, cultures, and social settings. It allows individuals to appreciate and understand the interdependence of cu lture, the environment in which people are living, and humanity. Diversity also helps individuals to build alliances and unity despite having a difference regarding their beliefs, religion, and culture. It helps one to recognize and appreciate that people are born different regardingRead MoreEquality, Diversity, and Democracy1348 Words   |  6 PagesJustice and Equality Cannot Coexist, For When One is Achieved the Other is Infringed Upon: Equality, diversity, and democracy are the three components that America claims to revolve around, but unfortunately lacks. America is a nation filled with envy, rage, and such preposterous behaviors and actions. Since the founding of the nation, to the present of America, and according to the predicament of the future, this territorial notion that America abides by is slowly corrupting the nation. SinceRead MoreManagement Of Equality And Diversity1117 Words   |  5 Pagesmanagement of equality and diversity in own area of responsibility. The table below highlights the observations and evaluation that I have conducted for the implementation of the University’s launch of the Equality Diversity Framework. The observation includes suggested actions and a timeframe on areas where I could influence or have responsibility and authority to change. The University implementation plan was to deliver the strategy through the development of a strategic equality and diversity frameworkRead MoreEquality Diversity Inclusion1538 Words   |  7 Pages1.1 Explain what is meant by. Equality Equality is treating people fairly and making sure that everyone is given a fair chance and that their individual needs are met. It’s about giving all sections of the community equal access to employment, education and other services that are provided whilst valuing and respecting them. Recognising that different sections of the community require specific measures to make sure they receive equality. Recognising how and why some groups are underrepresentedRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay3406 Words   |  14 Pagesstratification (Parsons, 1970). Whilst complete societal equality may be unattainable, Equal Opportunities (EO) policies aim to ‘reduce the gap. Inequality takes different forms and there is much theoretical debate regarding which grouping variables, such as gender or age, are important. There exist three key notions of ‘equality of opportunity’: formal, liberal and radical. The former two are minimalist concepts, concerned principally with e quality of opportunity - the ‘beginning’ of the process. ConverselyRead MoreEquality and Diversity in Childcare9428 Words   |  38 PagesEducation course. One of the modules is Equality and Diversity in Childcare. For this exercise I will explore equality and diversity concepts as relevant to Irish Society. Analyse approaches to diversity education including, assimilation, multicultural, intercultural and anti-bias. Explore equality and diversity terminology; including prejudice, discrimination, racism, sexism and abelism etc. Examine current legislation on Equality and Diversity, to include Equality Legislation, the UN Convention on theRead MoreEquality and Diversity Essay1577 Words   |  7 PagesNCFE Level 2 Certificate in Equality and Diversity Unit 1: Exploring Equality and Diversity Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www.vision2learn.com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via

Essay about Hidden Spirituality in Shakespeares Hamlet

Most literary critics readily acknowledge, like the author of this essay, the obvious presence of considerable spirituality within the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet. The purpose of this paper is to identify and elaborate on selected spiritual elements in the play. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a different interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play: For although this or that dramatis persona may speak of gods or of God, of evil spirits or of Satan, of heaven and of hell, and although the poet may show us ghosts from another world, these ideas do not materially influence his†¦show more content†¦He is dejected by the â€Å"o’erhasty marriage† of his mother to his uncle less than two months after the funeral of Hamlet’s father (Gordon 128). His first soliloquy emphasizes two religious/moral themes: the corruption of the world at large, and the frailty of women – an obvious reference to his mother’s hasty and incestuous marriage to her husband’s brother: O, that this too too solid flesh would melt Thaw and resolve itself into a dew! Or that the Everlasting had not fixd His canon gainst self-slaughter! O God! God! How weary, stale, flat and unprofitable, Seem to me all the uses of this world! Fie ont! ah fie! tis an unweeded garden, That grows to seed; things rank and gross in nature Possess it merely. That it should come to this! But two months dead: nay, not so much, not two: So excellent a king; that was, to this, Hyperion to a satyr; so loving to my mother That he might not beteem the winds of heaven Visit her face too roughly. Heaven and earth! Must I remember? why, she would hang on him, As if increase of appetite had grown By what it fed on: and yet, within a month-- Let me not think ont--Frailty, thy name is woman!—(1.2) The first soliloquy ends with theShow MoreRelatedRevenge In Hamlet Analysis988 Words   |  4 PagesMurder, incest, revenge! This is Shakespeare’s Hamlet. If lovers of literature are asked to make a list of some of the greatest works of literature, undoubtedly, Hamlet would be near the top. Hamlet, an intriguing and complicated character, has been studied by lovers of literature and psychologists alike. It is an interesting examination of human behavior. To set the scene, prince Hamlet’s father has been slyly murdered by his uncle. His father’s apparent ghost comes to him and asks him to avengeRead MoreRelevance Of Shakespeare s Tragedies Essay2428 Words   |  10 PagesRELEVANCE OF SHAKESPEARE’S TRAGEDIES IN MODERN INDIAN SOCIETY A. Phaniraja Kumar Abstract: Despite the reshifting of values that has affected every aspect of life in the 21st century, William Shakespeare still stands as the greatest writer of the English Language has ever produced. In this paper, I analyse Shakespearean great tragedies’ relevance to the complexities of modern Indian society. His plays have been revalued and reinterpreted in terms to the complexities and especially ‘milieu’ ofRead MoreANALIZ TEXT INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS28843 Words   |  116 Pagestransmitting the story to the reader. . In their relationship to other characters and to the action of the plot, firs-person narrators may be either interested and involved or disinterested and detached. In either case, however, they are always subject to hidden biases and prejudices in their telling of the story. Minor characters serving as narrators, no less than minor ones, must be watched constantly, especially if the reader has reason to suspect that they may be other than totally reliable guides to

O Level Free Essays

w w ap eP m e tr .X w UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS s er om .c GCE Ordinary Level MARK SCHEME for the October/November 2008 question paper 5054 PHYSICS 5054/02 Paper 2 (Theory), maximum raw mark 75 This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the examination. We will write a custom essay sample on O Level or any similar topic only for you Order Now It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began. All Examiners are instructed that alternative correct answers and nexpected approaches in candidates’ scripts must be given marks that fairly reflect the relevant knowledge and skills demonstrated. Mark schemes must be read in conjunction with the question papers and the report on the examination. †¢ CIE will not enter into discussions or correspondence in connection with these mark schemes. CIE is publishing the mark schemes for the October/November 2008 question papers for most IGCSE, GCE Advanced Level and Advanced Subsidiary Level syllabuses and some Ordinary Level syllabuses. Page 2 Mark Scheme GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2008 Syllabus 5054 Paper 2 Do not accept fractions. No penalty for [ 2 s. f. unless stated or for 1 s. f. where exactly correct. Only one unit and only one fraction penalty per question. Section A 1 (a) 0. 5(0) m B1 C1 A1 (a) mgh or F ? d or 10 ? 700 (–)7000 J C1 A1 (b) Q/E/H = mc? T or (? T =) 7000/(1) ? 4200 1. 7 or 1. 67 or 5. 5 8. 9  °C e. c. f. (a) 4 B1 (b) rotates/tilts/unbalanced/one side down/one side up rotates anticlockwise/down on left or head down or foot up (net) anticlockwise moment or moment on left moment on right or weight/CM on left of pivot 3 B1 B1 B1 B1 (b) 10(. 0) N or e. c. f. (a) diagram of two forces and resultant W / 6(N) and T / 8(N) marked on perp. forces or scale given 10(. 0  ±0. 2) N 35–39 ° from T/Y/horizontal or 51–55 ° from W/vertical and correct resultant C1 C1 A1 (a) (i) (a = ? )v/t or 84/35 2. 4 m/s? C1 A1 (ii) speed and time axes correct and labelled straight line of positive gradient through origin 84 (m/s) and 35 (s) marked (b) (i) tw o arrows with forward force backward force (ii) air/wind resistance or friction or drag  © UCLES 2008 B1 [5] [4] [5] B1 B1 B1 B1 B1 [7] Page 3 5 Mark Scheme GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2008 Syllabus 5054 a) Any two pairs – may be expressed in terms of the gas: liquid M1 molecules dense(r) close(r)/touching incompressible/volume fixed close(r) or strong(er) forces fills bottom container forces strong(er) expands less when heated forces strong(er) more viscous/flows slower forces strong(er) sound fast(er) close(r) or strong(er) forces better conductors of heat close(r) slower diffusion close(r) Paper 2 A1 (b) molecules gain speed/energy/heat and escape/leave cloth/break bonds or latent heat needed fast(er)/high(er) (kinetic) energy molecules escape/evaporate (average) speed / (kinetic) energy (of remainder) decreases r temperature related to (average) energy/speed of molecules 6 M2 A2 B1 B1 B1 (a) red B1 (b) (i) equal to B1 (ii) less than B1 (c) two correct refract ions on Fig. 6. 2 no dispersion and ray ends close to P (a) 12(. 0) V B1 B1 B1 B1 (c) (E=) QV or VIt or 200 ? 12 2400 J accept 2370–2410 J e. c. f. 8 M1 A1 (b) top row: 4. 6 and 0 bottom row: square 1 = square 2 + square 3 or 9. 2 bottom row: 4. 6 in squares 2 and 3 cao 7 [7] C1 A1 (a) fusion B1 (b) (i) mass decreases or product/nuclei/atoms less massive mass becomes/converted to energy B1 B1 (ii) E = mc2 6. 6 ? 10–29 ? (3. 0 ? 108)2 5. 9 ? 0–12 or 5. 94 ? 10–12 J B1 C1 A1  © UCLES 2008 [5] [6] [6] Page 4 Mark Scheme GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2008 Syllabus 5054 Paper 2 Section B 9 (a) (i) Any three lines: vibration of cone/loudspeaker vibration of air/particles (molecules) particles/molecules pass on vibrations/energy (to neighbours) compressions and rarefactions or longitudinal wave/movement of particle (max 3) B1 B1 B1 B1 (ii) loud – large amplitude/max displacement low-pitched – frequency/no. of waves per sec low frequency, small frequency, etc. (long wavelength 1/2) B1 M1 A1 (iii) (t =) d/s or 0. 57/330 0. 0017 s C1 A1 iv) speed of sound greater in water/liquid or v. v. less time taken in water/liquid or heard sooner/faster B1 B1 [10] (b) (i) v = f? or 200 seen (? =) v/f or 330/200 or 330/0. 2 or 1650 (m) 1. 6/1. 65/1. 7 m (ii) attempt at compressions and rarefactions/longitudinal wave correct wavelength marked C1 C1 A1 M1 A1 [5] [Total: 15]  © UCLES 2008 Page 5 Mark Scheme GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2008 Syllabus 5054 10 (a) (i) at least 2 concentric, complete circles increasing gap at least 1 anticlockwise arrow and none incorrect (ii) stronger or more lines or lines closer together or extends further (b) (i) (R =) V/I or 6. /8. 0 0. 75 ? Paper 2 B1 B1 B1 B1 [4] C1 A1 (ii) (Q =) It or 8. 0 ? 120 or 8. 0 ? 2 960 C (16 C scores 1/2) C1 A1 (c) (i) LR or NS [4] B1 (ii) force (on wire) or wire bends/moves into page/perpendicular to field/away (from us)/LH rule quoted M1 A1 (iii) force revers es or out of page or bends the other way e. c. f. B1 [4] (iv) accept first two marks on unlabelled diagram (wire becomes) coil / armature /solenoid force/movement opposite on sides of coil or moment current reverses during rotation/due to commutator or split ring B1 B1 B1 [3] [Total: 15]  © UCLES 2008 Page 6 Mark Scheme GCE O LEVEL – October/November 2008 Syllabus 5054 11 (a) (P =) VI or 6. 0 ? 1. 6 9. 6 W Paper 2 C1 A1 (b) (i) filament/J releases electrons or thermionic emission attracted by +ve terminal/metal plate/K electrons move/accelerate [2] B1 B1 B1 (ii) otherwise electrons hit (air) molecules/particles/lose energy or electrons deflected/don’t hit screen/cause ionisation of air B1 (iii) electrons/charges/beam/ray deflected (by magnetic field) few(er) electrons reach plate/K/+ve terminal/pass round circuit B1 B1 (iv) current = 0 or no reading electrons repelled by or not attracted to K or K does not emit electrons B1 c) (i) (dot/speck of light) moves so fast (that the eye sees it as a single line) or timebase pulls it horizontally or voltage is constant/zero B1 [8] B1 (ii) (line/trace) displaced vertically at uniform rate/speed or slowly moves 3. 0 divisions/3cm M1 A1 B1 (iii) screen not high enough or trace moves beyond edge of screen or line moves 6cm / more than 4cm (vertical ly) or line can only move 4cm or screen is only 4cm from middle to top B1 [5] [Total: 15] B1 Independent mark C1 Compensation mark; given also if the answer is correct M1 Method mark: if not given, subsequent A marks are not awarded A1 Answer mark.  © UCLES 2008 How to cite O Level, Essay examples

The Importance of a Liberal Arts Degree Essay Example For Students

The Importance of a Liberal Arts Degree Essay In the article In Defense of the Liberal Arts, Lane Wallace gives an example of What someone could do if they drop out Of college. It also explains Why staying in college and earning a degree is important. I agree with the article and believe that staying in school Will benefit the student in the long run, even if they dont think it is important. Students should look at the positive aspects of being in college and getting an education. Being in college and getting an education is important, because a lot of jobs require a degree. Positive motivation in working toward ones goal is also a good virtue to practice while accomplishing an educational goal. Discipline and patience can also play a big role in accomplishing goals and staying on track to get a well-rounded education. Students going into college should realize what is most important in life. They should prioritize their time by putting the most important things first. In the Defense of Liberal Arts, Wallace explains how she took a leave of absence, because she was not sure that college was for her. She thought it was non- essential. Motivation can be a big key to success if people put the important things first Sometimes the things that seem Nan-essential are the most important things, Students need to realize what they want and then step back and look at the big picture. Going to college is important to most students in the beginning, and then they may get distracted in a new environment and start to make bad grades. All students should concentrate on getting an education and graduating from college, regardless of distractions. In the article, Wallace explains when she got out in the real world she Wished she would have stayed in school. We will write a custom essay on The Importance of a Liberal Arts Degree specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now She ended up working in a cardboard box factory surrounded by people that hated their job. Culminating in my job at the cardboard box factory-?where was surrounded by people who hated their jobs, but had no other viable option (par. 1). The factory workers did not earn an education and therefore may be stuck in a boring job. Getting a good education can benefit people; because they will be well. Rounded and will have more opportunities for a career. Staying on track and in school is essential. A college degree could take someone far in life and lead them in the career direction they have selected. It opens doors for opportunities in both career development and life. Having college degree could mean that you might never have to work in a cardboard box factory. Most people can have jobs they enjoy doing and they can be happy when they wake up in the morning it they like their job. A degree means that the student accomplished what they went to college for. It shows employers that they have set their mind on something and achieved it. Employers should take into consideration the educational level of any new job applicant. The college graduate has proved they can dedicate their time and achieve their goal. If the classes students take are not going to help them, then they should meet with a counselor and revise their class selection. In the article, Wallace explained that if people take pointless classes they are wasting their time. The students should take classes that fall Within their major. Students should pick a major that can help them to be happy. The article explained, If you want to be an engineer or physicist, youd better major in that subject (par. 7). Students should use their time wisely and make the best of being in college, even if the demands seem very tough. Things usually get worse before they get better. If staying in college is tough, it will pay off when the student walks across the stage to receive the degree because the struggle will be worthwhile. A degree is essential, because more than half of all the available jobs require a degree. In the Defense of Liberal Arts, it says, In an increasingly global economy and world, more than just technical skill is required (par. B), Technical school is good tort some people, because college isnt tort everyone. .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f , .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .postImageUrl , .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f , .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:hover , .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:visited , .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:active { border:0!important; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:active , .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u41ddce62c85afe4963075dbb52a2117f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Death Penalty History EssayIt students earn a degree, then they tend to be better-rounded, people that go to liberal arts colleges are not just taught one thing like technical schools teach. If students have a liberal arts education there is a greater variety of jobs and there are more opportunities. They may be qualified to do a variety of jobs in different careers. Technical schools only focus on one skill or trade; they do not teach a variety of things. Job applicants that only have technical training do not have as great a variety of career options as the liberal arts major. Those with liberal arts degrees have a more diverse education in different subject areas. Although the world does need people that went to technical school, more jobs will require a college degree. Getting a liberal arts education can make a student more open-minded and help them to see things from Other viewpoints. The article tells its readers that, And the liberal arts are particularly good at teaching how different arguments on the same point can be equally valid depending on What presumptions or values you bring to the subject( par. 8). Liberal arts challenge the student more and increases critical thinking skills. Liberal arts can boost confidence levels, because the student has more knowledgeable about more subject areas. Confidence is important when people try to get jobs, because an employer can tell if people lack confidence or are unsure. Students that complete a technical education do not have as much education as a person with a liberal arts education, If the technical graduate and the college graduate applied for the same job, the liberal art degree holder would most likely get the job. The Liberal Arts goes into more detail about different subjects and pushes students to the limit. Liberal arts school teaches people to think tort themselves and the professors dont just provide all the answers, The professor wants the student to research problems and issues and come to a well thought out conclusion. They want students to use their knowledge and come up with reasonable answers, A liberal arts education is an ideal education, because people can do more things with that degree The world is growing rapidly and employers are in need of people that have higher educations. Students may also have more experience in different fields, because they decided to switch their major. The student may have begun in criminal justice then switched to an education major; thus they could go into to either one of those job fields. Liberal arts gives people more of a variety of what they can do with their lives. The option is open to them when hey get a degree, unless the student goes on to graduate school and plans on more specialization. The graduates have four years of knowledge and a world Of opportunity. If they made it through four years Of college, papers, exams and homework it should show an employer that they can stick through anything. It should also show the employer that they have very good patience and self- discipline. Patience and discipline are very important traits to have when people are trying to get a job. An employer looks at those traits in people applying for jobs in their company. People need to have patience, because the depending on the job, it ay require patience. They will already have experience with that, because they stuck through four years of college. They need discipline, because their job may require that they have to be there at six in the morning everyday. The good employee has to practice self-discipline to wake up that early everyday. Those are important traits to employers and are good traits to have in order to be a successful employee. Education is important, because that is what helps our world grow and improve. Inventors, innovators, entrepreneurs all come from a liberal arts background. The world needs education for things to keep evolving and improving. .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 , .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .postImageUrl , .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 , .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:hover , .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:visited , .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:active { border:0!important; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:active , .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618 .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u9b3b1358bac9f676d935097fdcafe618:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Marine Biology EssayPeople are becoming more educated every day, because they want to better themselves and want to be successful in the world The people that stick with their dreams, goals and want to do something with their lives are the people who make it in college. A degree is a huge deal for most people and means a lot at graduation and more as they progress in their career. Having a liberal arts degree can go a long way; people can go in different directions With IL Anyone can do whatever they want, if they have a goal and have the determination to strive for What they want.

Creators Faults in the Creation essays

Creators Faults in the Creation essays The Creator's Faults in the Creation Often the actions of children are reflective of the attitudes of those who raise them. In the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelly, Dr. Victor Frankenstein is the sole being that can take responsibility for the actions of the creature that he creates. He is the only person that takes part in the creation of the creature. Even though the crimes are committed by the creature, their cause can be traced back to the creator. Many of Frankenstein's faults are evident in the appearance of his creation. It is described as having yellow skin... watery eyes... dun-white sockets... shrivelled complexion and straight black lips (Shelly 35). Frankenstein, having chosen the parts for his creature, is the only person to blame for its appearance. Clearly it is Frankenstein's lack of foresight in the creation process that causes Frankenstein to say, breathless horror and disgust filled my heart" (Shelly 35), because he had selected his features as beautiful (Shelly 35). Even though Frankenstein had a originally thought the individual parts where beautiful, when combined, they became hideous. He overlooks the seemingly obvious fact that ugliness is the natural result when something is made from parts of different corpses. Another physical aspect of the monster which shows a fault in Frankenstein is its immense size. The reason that Frankenstein gives for creating so large a creature is his own haste. He states, " As the minuteness of the parts formed a great hindrance to my speed, I resolved, contrary to my first intention, to make a being gigantic in stature..." (Shelly 32). Frankenstein is not only under pressure to complete his project in a timely manner, but he is also obsessed with the fact that he will be the only person ever to have created a living thing. Frankenstein states, "A new species would bless me as its creator and source; many happy and excellent natures would owe the...

House Un-American Activities Committee

House Un-American Activities Committee The House Un-American Activities Committee was empowered for more than three decades to investigate subversive activity in American society. The committee began operating in 1938, but its greatest impact came following World War II, when it engaged in a highly publicized crusade against suspected communists. The committee exerted  a far-reaching impact on society, to the extent that phrases such as naming names became part of the language, along with Are you now or have you ever been a member of the Communist Party? A subpoena to testify before the committee, commonly known as HUAC, could derail someones career. And some Americans essentially had their lives destroyed by the committees actions. Many names called to testify before the committee during its most influential period, in the late 1940s and 1950s, are familiar, and include actor Gary Cooper, animator and producer Walt Disney, folksinger Pete Seeger, and future politician Ronald Reagan. Others called to testify are far less familiar today, in part because their popularity was brought to an end when HUAC came calling. 1930s: The Dies Committee The committee was first formed  as the brainchild of a congressman from Texas, Martin Dies. A conservative Democrat who had supported rural New Deal programs during Franklin Roosevelts first term, Dies had become disillusioned when Roosevelt and his cabinet demonstrated support for the labor movement. Dies, who had a flair for befriending influential journalists and attracting publicity, claimed communists had widely infiltrated American labor unions. In a flurry of activity, the newly formed committee, in 1938, began making accusations about communist influence in the United States. There was already a rumor campaign, helped along by conservative newspapers and commentators such as the very popular radio personality and priest Father Coughlin, alleging the Roosevelt administration harbored communist sympathizers and foreign radicals. Dies capitalized on the popular accusations. The Dies Committee became a fixture in newspaper headlines as it held hearings focused on how politicians reacted to strikes by labor unions. President Roosevelt reacted by making his own headlines. In a press conference on October 25, 1938, Roosevelt denounced the committees activities, in particular, its attacks on the governor of Michigan, who was running for reelection.   A story on the front page of the New York Times the following day said the presidents criticism of the committee had been delivered in caustic terms.  Roosevelt was outraged that the committee had attacked the governor over actions he had taken during a major strike at automobile plants in Detroit the previous year. Despite public skirmishing between the committee and the Roosevelt administration, the Dies Committee continued its work. It eventually named more than 1,000 government workers as being suspected communists, and essentially created a template for what would occur in later years. The Hunt for Communists In America The work of the House Un-American Activities Committee faded in significance during World War II. That was partly because the United States was allied with the Soviet Union, and the need for the Russians to help defeat the Nazis outweighed immediate concerns about communism. And, of course, the publics attention was focused on the war itself. When the war ended, concerns about communist infiltration in American life returned to the headlines. The committee was reconstituted under the leadership of a conservative New Jersey congressman, J. Parnell Thomas. In 1947 an aggressive investigation began of suspected communist influence in the movie business. On October 20, 1947, the committee began hearings in Washington in which prominent members of the film industry testified. On the first day, studio heads Jack Warner and Louis B. Mayer denounced what they called un-American writers in Hollywood, and swore not to employ them. The novelist Ayn Rand, who was working as a screenwriter in Hollywood, also testified and denounced a recent musical film, Song of Russia, as a vehicle of communist propaganda. The hearings continued for days, and prominent names called to testify guaranteed headlines. Walt Disney appeared as a friendly witness expressing fears of communism, as did actor and future president Ronald Reagan, who was serving as the president of the actors union, the Screen Actors Guild. The Hollywood Ten The atmosphere of the hearings changed when the committee called a number of Hollywood writers who had been accused of being communists. The group, which included Ring Lardner, Jr., and Dalton Trumbo, refused to testify about their past affiliations and suspected involvement with the Communist Party or communist-aligned organizations. The hostile witnesses became known as the Hollywood Ten. A number of prominent show business personalities, including Humphrey Bogart and Lauren Bacall, formed a committee to support the group, claiming their constitutional rights were being trampled. Despite public demonstrations of support, the hostile witnesses were ultimately charged with contempt of Congress. After being tried and convicted, the members of the Hollywood Ten served one-year terms in federal prisons. Following their legal ordeals, the Hollywood Ten were effectively blacklisted and couldnt work in Hollywood under their own names.   The Blacklists People in the entertainment business accused of communist of subversive views began to be  blacklisted. A booklet called Red Channels was published in 1950 which named 151 actors, screenwriters, and directors suspected of being communists. Other lists of suspected subversives circulated, and those who were named were routinely blacklisted. In 1954, the Ford Foundation sponsored a report on blacklisting led by a former magazine editor John Cogley. After studying the practice, the report concluded that the blacklist in Hollywood was not only real, it was very powerful. A front-page story in the New York Times on June 25, 1956, described the practice in considerable detail. According to Cogleys report, the practice of blacklisting could be traced to the case of the Hollywood Ten being named by the House Un-American Activities Committee. Three weeks later, an editorial in the New York Times summarized some major aspects of blacklisting: Mr. Cogleys report, published last month, found that blacklisting is almost universally accepted as a face of life in Hollywood, constitutes a secret and labyrinthine world of political screening in the radio and television fields, and is now part and parcel of life on Madison Avenue among advertising agencies that control many radio and TV programs. The House Committee on Un-American Activities responded to the report on blacklisting by calling the author of the report, John Cogley before the committee. During his testimony, Cogley was essentially accused of trying to help hide communists when he would not reveal confidential sources. The Alger Hiss Case In 1948 HUAC was at the center of a major controversy when journalist Whitaker Chambers, while testifying before the committee, accused a State Department official, Alger Hiss, of having been a Russian spy. The Hiss case quickly became a sensation in the press, and a young congressman from California, Richard M. Nixon, a member of the committee, fixated on Hiss. Hiss denied the accusations by Chambers during his own testimony before the committee. He also challenged Chambers to repeat the accusations outside of a congressional hearing (and beyond congressional immunity), so he could sue him for libel. Chambers repeated the charge on a television program and Hiss sued him. Chambers then produced microfilmed documents which he said Hiss had provided to him years earlier. Congressman Nixon made much of the microfilm, and it helped propel his political career. Hiss was eventually charged with perjury, and after two trials he was convicted and served three years in federal prison. Debates about the guilt or  innocent of Hiss have continued for decades. The End of HUAC The committee continued its work through the 1950s, though its importance seemed to fade. In the 1960s, it turned its attention to the Anti-War Movement. But after the committees heyday of the 1950s, it did not attract much public attention. A 1968 article about the committee in the New York Times noted that while it was once flushed with glory HUAC had created little stir in recent years...   Hearings to investigate the Yippies, the radical and irreverent political faction led by Abbie Hoffman and Jerry Rubin, in the fall of 1968 turned into a predictable circus. Many members of Congress began to view the committee as obsolete. In 1969, in an effort to distance the committee from its controversial past, it was renamed the House Internal Security Committee. Efforts to disband the committee gained momentum, spearheaded by Father Robert Drinan, a Jesuit priest serving as a congressman from Massachusetts. Drinan, who was very concerned about the civil liberties abuses of the committee, was quoted in the New York Times: Father Drinan said he would continue to work to kill the committee in order to improve the image of Congress and protect the privacy of citizens from the libelous and outrageous dossiers maintained by the committee.The committee keeps files on professors, journalists, housewives, politicians, businessmen, students, and other sincere, honest individuals from every part of the United States who, unlike the proponents of the blacklisting activities of HISC, the the First Amendment at face value, he said. On January 13, 1975, the Democratic majority in the House of Representatives voted to abolish the committee.   While the House Un-American Activities Committee had stalwart supporters, especially during its most controversial years, the committee generally exists in American memory as a dark chapter. The abuses of the committee in the way it tormented witnesses stands as a warning against reckless investigations which target American citizens.

Specifics of the Banking System of Spain Article

Specifics of the Banking System of Spain - Article Example At the beginning of 1990th as a result of a series of merges and absorption two leading savings banks accumulating over 90 % of personal savings of the Spanish citizens have been created. Bank system of Spain is one of the most stable and liquid financial systems in Europe. Its distinctive features are a significant level of foreign currency (13,9 billion euro), the branched out the network of branches of private banks and the state savings banks. The dominating role is played by the banks with 100 % of the Spanish capital. The leader at cost of market actives is the financial group "Banco Santander Central Hispano" formed at the beginning of 1999 as a result of a merger of two largest banks of the country. Now the strongest bank group is Banco de Bilbao Vizcaya (BBV). However recently it had strong contender Central Hispano, the group formed as a result of merges of two banks - Banco Central and Banco Hispano Americano. Despite a plenty of local savings banks (cajas de ahorros), they make operations very slowly. In general, the bank system of Spain is strongly bureaucratized and not especially cares for the convenience of clients (Altman).   Some banks and other financial institutions of Spain: Banco de Espana - the Central bank of Spain; Banco Sabadell - the bank specializing on granting of services to private clients, and also small and average business. Has more than 400 branches in Spain and abroad; Bilbao Bizkaia Kutxa (BBK) - the largest savings bank in Basque Provinces and the fourth on size in Spain; Banco Santander - the bank which is carrying out the financial operations in Spain and in 31 countries abroad, including the USA; Kutxa - savings bank; Caixa d'Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona - the financial group including savings bank and some of the other financial institutions; Caja San Fernando - the savings bank having operations in Western Andalusia; Caixa Catalunya – the Catalan savings bank; BBVA – the financial group; Open Bank - the open bank; Ibercaja - the Spanish savings bank.

Climate Change - Global warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Climate Change - Global warming - Research Paper Example So speaking about climate change we don`t mean the present day changes but we look them through in the comparison with many years` data. Climate includes such features as the average temperature, amount of the rainfalls, number of sunny days and other changeable parameters which are different in the different places of the Earth. At the same time there are some processes that can influence not only conditions of the particular region but large territories on the planet. So we can speak about climate change. There are some definitions of this term that is widely used today. The Oxford dictionary (2014) gives us the definition â€Å"A change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.† and the NOAA (2014) defined it as â€Å"A non-random change in climate that is measured over several decades or l onger. The change may be due to natural or human-induced causes.† For determination of climate change such indexes as changes of the average weather parameters and changes in the frequency of extreme weather phenomena are used. The reasons cause climate changes are dynamic processes on the Earth, external influences such as changes in the sun emanations and in the recent years - human activities. Modern climate change towards the warming is called â€Å"Global warming†. There are a lot of investigations that indicate changes of meteorological indexes and their influence on global climate changes and also the human life. The work of Sippel & Otto (2014) is focuses on a recent hot and dry summer with exceptional multi-day heat waves. Their own results and analyses of the literature demonstrate that intensity and frequency of monthly and 5-day warm temperature extremes in summer have increased

The Diamond Essay -- Diamonds Jewelry

The Diamond Diamond is the best known gem. It is known as the â€Å"king of gems† for its brilliance and for being the hardest mineral on earth. (Foa, p.50) Its characteristics enable it to be used for many different purposes. Since diamonds are the hardest gems on Mohs’ scale, they make useful tools for industrial purposes, such as drilling hard materials. However, they are quite rare, which makes them very valuable. Their beauty and brilliance make them perfect for jewelry.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Diamond is made up of carbon. Another form of pure carbon is graphite. Graphite is the stable form of carbon, found at the earth’s surface. Despite the fact that they have identical chemical composition, the two minerals are drastically different. Diamond is the hardest known substance and is usually light colored and transparent, while graphite is greasy, easily powdered, and very dark in color. Diamond is the hardest gem on Mohs’ hardness scale and graphite is the softest. Diamond is very hard because of its dense packing and interlocking atomic arrangement. Graphite, on the other hand, although it is the same element, is more loosely packed and has a six-sided, layered configuration, which makes it soft (Pough, 1991). The differences between graphite and diamonds are accounted for by the conditions in which they are created. Diamonds form over long periods of time, between 100 km and 200 km below the surface. At this great depth, carbon gets a chance to cool very gradually, forming diamond crystals. When volcanic eruptions occur, magma carries the diamonds up to the surface of the earth. Kimberlite lavas carrying diamonds erupt at anywhere between 10 and 30 km/hour and increase their velocity to several hundred km/hour within the last few kilometers. (Pough, 44) At the surface, this lava cools and turns into Kimberlite rock. That is why diamonds are often found in kimberlite, a volcanic rock, which is often much younger than the diamonds themselves. All diamonds that are around today are at least 990,000,000 years old. If the same element carbon found its way to the surface, before it got a chance to form crystals and solidify, it would turn into graphite. Diamond crystals occur in a variety of shapes and forms. There are octahedral, cubic, and dodecahedral diamond crystals. The octahedral crystals are formed with eight sides, the cubic ones have six sides, and the dodecahedra... ...es where mining takes place, high quality diamonds are not abundant at all. On the average, a diamond mine yields less than one carat of diamond for every five tons of rock. Of this, on average, less than 20% is usable for gems and half of this is lost in cutting. (Arem, p.37) In order to be used in jewelry, after diamonds are mined, they must be cut. Because diamonds have such a high hardness, they are cut using other diamonds. What allows them to be cut at all is the fact that they do not have uniform harness throughout the entire stone. For example, the point of an octahedron is harder than the surface of an octahedral face. Therefore, when powdered diamond is used to cut a diamond crystal, the powder will always contain some particles that are oriented in a â€Å"hard† direction in relation to the crystal being cut. (Arem, p.38). BIBLIOGRAPHY Arem, Joel E. All-Color Guide: Gems and Jewelry. 2nd edition. Geoscience Press, Inc. 1992. Fisher, P. J. The Science of Gems. Charles Scribner’s Sons. New York, 1966. Foa, Emma. Pockets Gemstones. DK Publishing. New York, 1997. Pough, Frederick H. Peterson Guide to Rocks and Minerals. Houghton Mifflin Company. Boston, 1991.

Amba 604

Acme Home Improvement de Mexico, SA de CV Project Plan Team Four: Folasade Bamidele Alibaloye John C Caputo Garner Frederick Hixson Hector G Rosado AMBA 604, Section 9093 Professor Stewart February 6, 2004 Acme Project Plan Table of Contents Section I. II. III. Executive Summary Introduction Project Organization Organization Chart Project Responsibilities Staffing Plans IV. Management Process Management Objectives Priorities Monitoring/Controlling Mechanisms V.Technical Process Plan Computing System Project Plan Modification Process Computer Usage Policies Construction Guideline Support Project Acceptance Process Lessons Learned Documentation VI. Work Packages, Dependencies, Schedules & Budgets Work Packages Dependencies Project Budget Summary Tasks on the Critical Path Assignment Matrix 3 4 5 5 6 7 10 10 10 10 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 14 14 17 20 23 24 25 2 Page VII. Appendix A Appendix B Acme Project Plan I. Executive Summary Acme Home Improvements has determined it essential that expa nsion into international markets take place immediately.Acme Home Improvements has initiated a joint venture with local partners in Mexico City to form Acme Home Improvements SA de CV. The intent of this partnership is to open Acme's first ‘Do It Yourself’ – (DIY) home improvement store outside of the United States, to meet the competition head on and establish a foothold in international markets. This document spells out our plan for the project's success. The project's sponsor is the Acme CEO, Alex R. Fitzgerald. This project is the first step in his strategic initiative to expand Acme into international markets.Based on assessments, it is critical that Acme SA de CV complete the opening of this store in 12 months or less with a budget of up to $7. 5 million. A key risk is Acme's lack of experience in international markets. As a result, we will rely heavily on our partners to help us mitigate ‘soft' cultural issues and navigate local nuances of business. Because of the soft issues, remaining on schedule is a key driver of project success. To mitigate risks to the project's critical path, we have built feeding buffers into the schedule, and added a project buffer to the project end.Our plan outlines staff responsibilities and a staffing plan for project execution. This staff has strong support from corporate headquarters, a defined scope, budget, timeline, and 3 processes by which to execute the plan. Included in these processes is a structured change control process that ensures changes are relevant, followed through, and controlled. In addition, this document, and the accompanying project plan clearly identify dependencies that can impact project execution. We have separated these dependencies into mandatory, external, and discretionary dependencies (Schwalbe, 2004).Doing this has enabled us to maximize scheduling efficiency. Acme SA de CV has an established technology infrastructure to draw upon. Our plan will leverage this techno logy through wireless local area networks, corporate servers, and use of project management software. Finally, we will utilize a feedback process to capture lessons learned for our future expansion into international markets. Acme Project Plan II. Introduction Acme Home Improvements de Mexico, SA de CV intends to build a 100,000 sq ft retail 4 facility in Mexico Distrito Federal (DF).This effort is part of Acme's strategy to expand into the international home improvement markets. Our Mexico City store will be the initial push into Mexico to meet our competitors head-on outside the United States. This project is critical to Acme's long-term strategy to expand beyond the US borders. Headquarters has allocated $7. 5 million to complete this task. Strategic alignment with Acme's long-term goals, experience with similar projects, and an assessment of the competition dictates that we complete this project within 12 months. Our project is a joint venture with local interests.The project wi ll be challenging for Acme, with inherent risk laying in our inexperience in international joint ventures. ‘Soft' issues, cultural human resource issues will be as much of a driver of cost and schedule as the ‘hard' issues like planning and execution. It is critical to the success of this project, and perhaps the organization's international growth strategy, that this project be completed on time, and on budget. The organization anticipates possible schedule delays and cost overruns due to cultural assumptions and misunderstandings.Knowing that schedule delays will affect costs and international expansion strategy, we pay particular attention to the project's critical path (see Appendix A, and the accompanying MS Project file's network diagram view). To deal with these risks, the team has built several feeding time-buffers into the work breakdown schedule, at constraints along the critical path (Goldratt, 1998). A large project buffer has also been added to protect the e nd of the project. Attention to the safety buffers along the critical path will contribute to the team's successful execution of the project.This plan presents an overview of the project organization, including the team's organization chart, project responsibilities, and staffing plans. Next, the plan addresses the organization's management process related to this project. Management's objectives, priorities, Acme Project Plan and monitoring and control mechanisms are covered in this section. The project's technical process plan is covered next, reviewing such things as the IT support and guidelines for the project, processes for modification, and acceptance of the plan, and the process for documenting lessons learned on the project.Lastly, this plan discusses the work packages, dependencies, schedules and project budget. We begin with a look at the project organization plan. III. Project Organization Organizational Chart: 5 Acme Home Improvements de Mexico Site Construction & Openi ng Project Organization Chart Prepared by: John Tarea, Project Manager John Tarea Acme Projects Project Manager Sade Venda Acme Store Manager Anita Socio Acme Mexico HR Manager Donna Promueva Acme Mexico Marketing Fred Conde Acme Finance Joe Martillo Construction Manager Maria Diseno Architectural ContractorThis organizational chart shows the authority and communications organization for the project. Every one of the team members reports to the Project Manager. Team members are from different knowledge areas and each will contribute with their knowledge and skills to the project. Acme Project Plan Project Responsibilities: Project Sponsor, Alex R. Fitzgerald, CEO Acme Home Improvements. Mr. Fitzgerald 6 has been CEO of Acme Home Improvements for 10 years. He started with the company 25 years ago, working in one of the first Acme Stores. He started as a traditional department manager and worked his way up through Acme's chain.He attended business school at the University of Maryland University College. Mr. Fitzgerald has unsurpassed expertise in the DIY Home Improvement business and has lead Acme through an unprecedented period of growth. Mr. Fitzgerald has a strategic vision that mandates Acme's expansion into international markets. His high level of interest in this project cannot be overemphasized. His role as project sponsor is to take ultimate responsibility for the project. He must sign off on the project charter, confirm successful completion of project milestones, and provide leadership and support to the project manager.At a recent executive retreat, Mr. Fitzgerald commented, â€Å"With the growth of technology, and productivity, the world has never experienced the level of wealth and opportunity for homeownership that it is experiencing now. Our ability to remain competitive and grow is completely dependent on our ability to expand into international markets. † John Tarea, Project Manager: John is in charge of managing the whole project, and th e members that are in charge of the project activities. Also, he is in charge of working with the sponsor and any general people involved with the project.His role is important since he should be able to manage the problem in an effective manner for the project to meet its goal. Joe Martillo, Construction Manager: Joe is in charge of managing the construction activities of the project. As a heavily tasked team member, project planners will watch for constraints associated with this project resource. To enable Joe meet the construction project schedule, he has been allocated the necessary budget to contract various local trades-people and construction specialty firms. Acme Project PlanMaria Diseno, Architectural Contractor: Maria is the architect that researched 7 competitive stores in Mexico, became familiar with Acme store designs in the U. S. , and designed the store to be constructed in this project. Fred Conde, Acme Finance: Fred is in charge of financial oversight of the projec t. He will assist team members in analyzing bids, projecting costs, and controlling expenditures. Sade Venda, Acme Store Manager: Sade will be in charge of managing the store when it is operational. She will also collaborate with H. R. anager, Anita Socio, and Anita's staff in the recruitment, interviewing, and training of new employees. Anita Socio, Acme Mexico HR Manager: Anita will be in charge of the recruitment effort and training of the personnel hired to work in the store. She will work closely with the Store Manager. Donna Promueva, Acme Mexico Marketing: Donna will collaborate with Maria Diseno and Sade Venda on the design and layout of the store interior, displays, and inventory. She is to ensure the store reflects the marketing strategy for the Mexico City market.She is in charge of performing local market analyses, selecting products, and designing merchandising, advertising and promotional efforts for the store. An assignment matrix can be seen in appendix B. Staffing P lan The following charts illustrate the project's staffing and training plans from three perspectives. The first graph presents baseline staffing plans, not taking into consideration feeding buffers that will likely push the actual dates closer to the store-opening deadline of March 1, 2006. The second chart depicts preliminary training targets, and the third illustrates contractor staffing needs.Acme Project Plan 8 Acme Staffing Plan 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan Mar May Jul Sept Nov Project Managers Acme- Accts, IT, Supt Lead Contractor Sub-Contractors Sub-Contractor Laborers Training Team Functional Leads Department Heads Store Employees 1 Dec as opening goal Acme SA de CV Training 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan Mar May Jul Sept Nov Training Team Functional Leads Department Heads Store Employees Acme Project Plan 9 Acme SA de CV Construction Team 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Jan Mar May Jul Sept Nov Lead Contractor Sub-Contractors Sub-Contractor LaborersNow that we have discus sed the project staffing and responsibilities, we turn to the project management processes, including the objectives, priorities, and monitoring and controlling mechanisms of the project. Acme Project Plan IV. Managerial Processes This section of the project plan provides an overview of Acme's perspective of this 10 project from the point of view of the top managers. Included in this section will be a discussion of top management's objectives, priorities, Management Objectives The Acme de Mexico project has three primary objectives: 1) Complete the six site component preparation activities on time and at/below cost. ) Execute the Acme Mexico FD site opening with a staff fully trained and integrated into the company. 3) Leverage success in Mexico FD to expand and compete across the greater Mexico. Priorities The first priority is completing the construction site on schedule. Operations must quickly assess the impact of unknown and unexpected events as they occur. Delays to the schedu le drive up our costs. The second priority, which becomes the first priority as the site nears completion, is the hiring and training of a store staff. The staff must be fully knowledgeable and fluent in Acme's processes and procedures.Monitoring/ Controlling Mechanisms Acme is new to Mexico and thus requires some very specific tools and techniques to ensure that we remain in control of the project. Given the amount of variables that we may come up against in this project we will have a very strong change control process. This change control process will meet three main goals (Schwalbe, 2004): 1. Influence the factors that create change; ensure that the change is beneficial and impact to time, scope, and budget is understood. 2. Determine that the desired change has occurred.Acme Project Plan 3. Manage the changes as they occur; trying to minimize the number of changes the project is subjected to. (p. 122). 11 There are specific criteria that will drive changes. Specifically, we hav e a management reserve pot set aside. The reserve will be called upon if our SPI falls below 90%. The additional capital spent will be tightly focused upon the current problem and prevention of reoccurrence. Should both our SPI and CPI fall below 90% senior management will become involved to assess status and affect needed changes. V.Technical Process Plan Having now seen the project's organization plans and managerial process plans, we turn now to a few technical aspects of the project. This section describes the technical approaches to control and support this project. In it, we describe the technical processes and approaches relating to this project's computing system, computer usage policies, plan modification processes, construction guidelines, acceptance process, and documentation process of lessons learned. We begin with an overview of the computing system used to support the project.Computing System This project will utilize Acme's wide area network, via wireless access at t he construction site, temporary office locations, and residences. Utilizing portable personal computers, the project manager and team will access the various project tools using MS Project, synchronizing local copies with the master file on the company server. Acme will utilize MS Project Server and MS Project Web Access features to allow project team members to view, collaborate, and update project information from various remote locations and connections. All project plan outputs will be date and time stamped.Modifications to the plan will be tracked electronically, logging a record of who changed what, and when the changes were made. Acme Project Plan Project Plan Modification Process Only the Project Manager will be able to modify the schedule, budget, and the work 12 breakdown structure (WBS) portions of the work plan. Changes resulting in delays greater than five workdays or adding more than $5,000 to the budget estimate must be approved first by the project sponsor. All other changes may be made at the discretion of the project manager. Individual team members will be able to update task completion progress in the work plan.All changes must be requested on the following Change Request Form: Change Request Form Project Name: Date Request Submitted: Title of Change Request: Change Order Number: Submitted by: (name & contact information) Change Category: Scope Schedule Description of change requested: Events that made this change necessary or desirable. Justification for the change/why it is needed/desired to continue/complete the project: Impact of the proposed change on: Scope: Schedule: Cost: Staffing: Risk: Other: Suggested implementation if the change request is approved: Required approvals: Name/TitleCost Technology Other Date Approve/Reject (Schwalbe, 2004, p. 630) Computer Usage Computer use will comply with Acme Home Improvement, Inc. ‘s corporate computing policies, available online to employees on the company intranet. Employees can access the corporate intranet through the company server WAN, or over the Internet. Acme Project Plan Construction Guideline Support Standards for implementing the site construction will comply with Acme Home Improvement, Inc. ‘s Construction Guidelines. Since the guidelines were developed for use in U. S. onstruction projects, however, the project team will consult Mexico City based law firm, 13 Goodrich, Riquelme y Asociados (anonymous, n. d. ). The team will coordinate activities related to zoning, environmental practices, and compliance with other local and federal regulations with the law firm. Project Acceptance Process The project manager is responsible for obtaining sign-off from the project sponsor and project manager at each milestone, and at project completion. The following form will be used to document acceptance of the project:Client Acceptance/Project Completion Form Project Name: Project Manager: I (We), the undersigned, acknowledge and accept delivery of the work co mpleted for this project on behalf of our organization. My (Our) signature(s) attest to my (our) agreement that this project has been completed. No further work should be done on this project. Name Title Signature Date 1. Was this project completed to your satisfaction? Yes No 2. Please provide the main reason for your satisfaction or dissatisfaction with this project. 3. Please provide suggestion on how our organization could improve its project delivery capability in the future. Schwalbe, 2004, p. 633) Lessons Learned Documentation: Acme Project Plan The project manager is responsible for completing a summary of lessons learned throughout the project. The lessons will be documented on the form below, added to Acme Home Improvement's repository of project lessons learned, accessible through the company intranet. Lessons Learned Report Prepared by: Project Name: Project Sponsor: Project Manager: Project Dates: Final Budget: 1. Did the project meet scope, time, and cost goals? 2. Wha t was the success criteria listed in the project scope statement? . Reflect on whether or not you met the project success criteria. 4. In terms of managing the project, what were the main lessons your team learned? 5. Describe one example of what went right on this project. 6. Describe one example of what went wrong on this project. 14 7. What will you do differently on the next project, based on your experience working on this project? (Schwalbe, 2004, p. 624) VI. Work Packages, Dependencies, Schedules and Budgets Work Packages The seven major activities of which Acme’s construction project consists, involve various work packages.By definition, work packages are tasks at the lowest level of the work breakdown structure or WBS (Schwalbe, 2004). The preparation of the site and laying of the foundation is the first course in the construction process. The foundation is the most important part of construction and requires a substantial amount within the apportioned budget for bui lding materials, as well as time. This stage involves the preparation of the site, which may involve some weeding, smoothing and sectioning, before the laying of the sewer pipes, concrete slabs and the sectioning of drainageAcme Project Plan 15 gutters. These different tasks are altogether estimated to take a total of about 50 days, a little over 5 weeks or over a month. Factored into the time is the acquisition of the necessary materials and labor. The next step is the building of the walls, floor and roof of the structure. Once the foundation is underway, the next step is to start building the actual store structure. This involves several work packages including the framing of the floor and walls, and the construction of the roof of the building.The carving out of the different sections of the store, such as the offices, break rooms, greenhouse and bathrooms also occur here. The estimated time here is about 45 days. The dependency here is of the ‘Finish to Start’ type (Schwalbe, 2004), which necessitates that the construction of the walls, floors etc, will not take off before the completion of the foundation. Since these construction work packages are on the critical path, and the construction resources could become a constraint, we inserted a fifteen-day feeder buffer to ensure any delays in the critical path construction activities do not delay the rest of the project.Next is the installation of the electrical and plumbing fixtures. Pipes are run through the building at this point for water outlets at designated spots, including the break rooms and bathrooms. Plumbing fixtures such as water closets, toilets, sinks and drinking fountains are installed. Electrical work is being done at this point, with the installation of wiring, cabling, outlets, the installation of electrical generators, and subsequently the connection to service for both electricity and water. Work here is slated for a total of 45 days.Building construction wraps up with the finishing of the interior, and the stocking of inventory. Here, the necessary dry walling, painting and finishing is applied to the interior of the building, thereafter, the interior decorators take up the job of smoothing and designing to the specifications provided. Other work packages at this point are floor planning for product location and shelf arrangement. The last part of the interior is the stocking of the shelves with products; after all interior fixtures have been tested for safety and durability. Acme Project Plan 16The building of the garage is not directly dependent on most of the preceding processes up to this point, but does necessarily occur after the preparation for the site has taken place. So, this portion of the project starts after the foundation for the site has taken place and the adjacent wall has been erected. The construction of this, like the main building, will involve installation of the garage foundation and the framing of its walls, which are then pai nted, and ending with the marking of parking spaces. The schedule for finishing the store and the garage allows for 155 days, which includes another feeding buffer of twenty days.Acme's construction plan includes an outer garden, and landscaping for this is for 10,000 square feet. This activity will involve the landscaping of the already sectioned area, which entails the layering with soil, rock and concrete slab placing as designed; paving installation and finally, the planting of selected plants and flowers. This is scheduled for a total of 40 days. This time takes into consideration the various needs of the selected plants and the time needed to ready the soil for planting. Throughout these activates, the marketing and promotion planning proceeds.Scheduled to conclude as the store becomes ready for opening, the marketing work package begins with an analysis of the market, including a competitive analysis, a consumer analysis, and an analysis of Acme's strengths and opportunities in the market. Next, the project calls for the development of a product, pricing, and promotion plan. Last comes preparation of the merchandising, advertising, and grand opening promotion plan. These marketing activities are scheduled to take 180 days, but they do not fall on the critical path, nor do they require resources that appear at risk of being a project constraint.The last order of the project is to hire and train the employees for each of the departments. This process will involve the advertisement of vacancies. It will also involve a selection process of interviewing, checking of references and candidate consideration. The training may likely be done in groups and will entail customer service dynamics and necessary need-to-know information on products being sold. This takes time and has been scheduled to Acme Project Plan take 65 days, twenty of which are a feeding buffer at this potential constraint along the critical path for a timely store opening.Dependencies Work on the site is dependent upon several things and based on several assumptions. There is an assumption that we have a specific piece of commercially zoned real estate selected 17 and purchased. There is also the assumption that we have, in hand, the required permits to begin construction and open for business. Acme could not begin the joint venture with its local partners without these items in hand. We would rely heavily on our partners' knowledge of local and regional governmental processes and procedures. Our 12-month timeline could not start until this initial hurdle was cleared.With permits in hand, construction could begin. The mandatory dependencies are such that a natural progression of events must occur for the completion of the structure. Each event is a unique task, however, many are highly dependant on other activities. Certain tasks, like laying the foundation, have finish-to-start relationships with their predecessors. The foundation cannot be poured, obviously, until the site is cleared, leveled, and otherwise prepared. Other activities, like establishing a mobile construction site office, can start simultaneously with another activity, such as beginning to prepare the site, but no sooner.This would be an example of a start-to-start relationship. Of course, other dependencies are also possible. Some tasks must finish along with other activities, while others must finish before another can start. Following is a look at dependencies in the project. As already mentioned, the site must be prepared before the foundation can be laid. Similarly, construction of the walls and floors is dependant upon the foundation being established first. Another finish to start dependency involves building the roof. The walls must be finished before a roof can be constructed.Any delay in completing the wall will push back the start of constructing the roof. A feeding buffer is inserted at this point on the critical path to guard Acme Project Plan against slippage on the p roject schedule by the construction resource, which is used heavily at this point of the project. Likewise, the walls must also be constructed before wires and plumbing can be run 18 throughout the building. Wiring is designated as having a start to start dependency with installing the generator and electrical circuit boxes. Installing the electrical fixtures, however, is dependant on three predecessors being completed first.Wires must be run, walls must be dry-walled, and electrical service must be established with the utility provider. Much like the electrical fixtures, plumbing fixtures cannot begin to be installed until the pipes have been run, drywall installed, and water service established with the utility provider. Finishing the interior presents another series of finish to start dependencies. Walls and roof must be up before they can be dry-walled. The dry wall must also be installed before they can be painted. Painting is a necessary precedent to installing the shelves and display units.Since these activities fall on the critical path where resources are close to being overloaded, an additional feeding buffer is added here. If any of the string of finish to start dependant activities falls behind schedule, the feeding buffer will help maintain the project schedule. Stocking the inventory cannot begin until the interior is finished. We, therefore, have another finish to start dependency. The construction of the garage is a task that would drive how much inventory we can handle, assuming it is used partly to store inventory.With the interior complete we could stock a certain amount of inventory but the garage would have to be complete before we could finish taking receipt of our entire inventory. This would really be a both an external dependency and discretionary dependency. It is a discretionary dependency in that we could stagger our inventory ordering to take receipt based on how the store is completed. If for, example the lights take the longest t o receive, from an inventory perspective, we could stagger the completion of the Acme Project Plan 19 interior portion of the structure.We could order our lighting inventory while completing a different area's interior first and stock it, then come along and finish the interior of our lighting department in time to take receipt of the inventory. It is also an external dependency because we do not control the timetable that our suppliers deliver on. There is inherent risk in setting up a ‘just-in-time' approach to taking receipt of inventory. If, for example, our supply of wiring for electrical instillation is unstable or unpredictable, we may not be able to wire-up our lighting department in time to take receipt of our staggered inventory order.The extent of discretionary dependency that we establish is contingent on our tolerance for risk. Completion of paving and landscaping is purely discretionary. We could build the parking lot and landscaping almost entirely independent o f the rest of the project but it would not make much sense. This task must simple be finished prior to opening the business. Most of our vendors would need the paving completed for access to the property. It would be a start-start for our inventory.It seems sensible to pave the parking lot simultaneously with paving the garage, making this a start-to-start dependency with pouring the garage concrete. Hiring and training employees is both a discretionary and external dependency. At a macro-level it is externally dependent upon the retail and construction job market in Mexico City, it we hire, rather than contract for, construction workers. If the construction market is soft in Mexico City in the window where we are to hire employees, it is likely we will have many applicants with construction expertise applying for work, in an effort to supplement their incomes.If the construction market is brisk when we are to hire, we may have a harder time finding experienced construction labor. A cme Project Plan 20 As a discretionary dependency, we can begin hiring and training when we deem best. While it is optimal to train most of the floor employees in a fully stocked facility that is nearly operational, we could train the core of the store's management/ department heads at one of our American stores.It would be desirable for these new managers to see how a fully functional store runs and meet with US counterparts to gain lessons learned. Acme SA de CV will groom promising managers at its Mexico City site to open new stores across Mexico, so it is to our advantage to train new managers as early as possible. Having discussed the work packages, and task dependencies in the project, we turn now to a breakdown of the $7. 5 million project budget. Project Budget Acme Home Improvements de Mexico, SA de CV 12 Month Construction Budget DIRECT COST DESCRIPTION 1.Construction Materials Temporary Utilities/Rentals Excavation / Blasting Footings / Drainage Foundation/Waterproofing R etaining Walls Underground Utilities Trenching, Backfill, Rough Grading Concrete Slab City Water / Well & Pump City Sewer / Septic System Sewer/Septic/Underground Connections City Water/Underground Connections Gutters and Downspouts Interior Masonry Rough Framing Materials Structural Steel Trusses Lumber &Other wood types Plumbing fixtures Fire System HVAC Electrical – Lighting, Cabling, etc.Electrical Generators SUBTOTALED AMOUNT 1 Acme Project Plan Exterior Stairs Rough Framing Labor Roofing materials Windows & Exterior Doors Garage Framing Garage Doors Exterior Stucco Exterior Siding/Masonry Exterior Painting Insulation Sheetrock/Taping Vanities Cabinets Interior Trim Interior Doors Hardware – Bolts, screws, cords, etc. Carpentry Landscaping Soil Granite / Rocks Plants Walkway Slabs Interior Shelving units Equipment rental Safety Equipment Other Total Materials Cost 2.Overheads and Other Costs Personnel salaries – Direct Project Workers Consultants / Professi onals Administrative personnel Construction Laborers Accommodation Travel Utilities (Phone, electricity, water) Supplies (Stationery, postage, printing, etc. ) Insurance (Workers Compensation) Teachers / Trainers Other Total Overheads and Other Costs 3. Inventory & Labor Costs Shipping Products Truck rentals Loading & Off loading Other Labor Duties (Customs & Excise) Total Inventory Costs 40% or USD 3. 0 million 3 20% or USD 1. 5 million 2 40% or USD 3. 0 million 21 Acme Project Plan 2 Considerations: 1 The percentages and USD estimates are based on a USD 7. 5 million budget. Wages and Salaries may vary significantly, especially with the current exchange rate of 1USD = 11. 1345 MXN and the difference in the cost of living between both countries. This is cheaper in Mexico and since most labor used will be local, the cost of it may be lower than estimated. 2 3 It is possible that the cost of inventory may vary from the above stated due to considerations such as; delays and pressures o f delivery, but with more of a leaning towards an increase.Assumptions: The assumption of the total cost for construction materials is derived from the size of the facility to be built and all that will be required to build it, with a sizeable amount of the cost gong towards the materials for the foundation and walls. Mainly personnel wages and salaries rule the total budget amount for the overheads, with a majority of this going to the professionals or experts in charge of various sections of the project. The total number of people working on this project, aside from its management committee, is estimated to be in the neighborhood of 78.The division is as follows: Approximately 60 for all construction activity and interior work. Among these, professionals are estimated to be five, with a distribution of 1 garage expert, 2 interior designers and 2 building experts. Approximately eight for landscaping duties, with one professional among them. Approximately 10 company professionals fo r the initial hiring and training of employees. The products to be for inventory will likely cost about as many dollars as the construction effort, if not more, due to shipping, handling and the payment of duties on them. Acme Project Plan VII.Summary Acme Home improvement's international expansion strategy begins with this project. The 23 company's joint venture in Mexico City, will lead to the company's first store outside the United States. Within twelve months, and $7. 5 million, the project team is expected to plan, locate, construct, and open the company's first international home improvement store. This plan provided an overview of the project organization, management processes, technical processes, work packages, dependencies, schedules and project budget. Accompanying this document is a MS Project work plan, and Project Charter.We believe the information contained in these documents lay out a realistic plan to enable Acme Home Improvements to successfully open its first sto re outside the U. S. By executing the plan above, we believe Acme can complete this strategically critical project on time and on budget. Acme Project Plan Appendix A: 24 Tasks on the Critical Path Task Prepare site Lay foundation Site & Foundation Ready Build walls Construct roof Feeding Buffer Install floors Dry Wall Paint Feeding Buffer Stock Inventory Duration 40d 10d 0d 15d 5d 15d 10d 10d 10d 20d 10d Start Finish Dependncy 3 4 6 7 8 9 22 23 25 26 27FF 37 38 39 40 Resource Construction Concrete & Paving Joe Martillo Construction Construction John Tarea Concrete & Paving Drywall Painters John Tarea Stock Workers Joe Martillo Human Resources John Tarea Human Resources Anita Socio John Tarea Mon 2/28/05 Fri 4/22/05 Mon 4/25/05 Fri 5/6/05 Fri 5/6/05 Mon 5/9/05 Fri 5/6/05 Fri 5/27/05 Mon 5/30/05 Fri 6/3/05 Mon 6/6/05 Fri 6/24/05 Mon 6/27/05 Fri 7/8/05 Mon 7/11/05 Fri 7/22/05 Mon 7/25/05 Fri 8/5/05 Mon 8/8/05 Mon 9/5/05 Fri 9/16/05 Mon 8/8/05 Fri 9/2/05 Fri 9/16/05 Fri 9/16/05 Fri 9/1 6/05Interior Finished & Inventory Stocked 0d â€Å"Recruit, interview & hire employees† 30d Feeding Buffer Train employees Employees Hired & Trained Project Buffer 20d 15d 0d 82d Mon 9/19/05 Fri 10/14/05 Mon 10/17/05 Fri 11/4/05 Fri 11/4/05 Fri 11/4/05 Mon 11/7/05 Tue 2/28/06 Note: Feeding buffers have been inserted along the critical path where resource constraints exist, and a project buffer has been added to protect the end of the project. Acme Project Plan Appendix B: Responsibility Assignment Matrix: Responsibility Assignment Matrix for Acme Home Improvements de Mexico Site Construction and Opening Project 25Prepared by: John Tarea, Project Manager Date: 2/5/05 1. 1 Joe Martillo Donna Promueva Anita Socio Construction Concrete & Paving Electricians Plumbers Drywall Painters Stock Workers Landscapers Human Resources P R 1. 2 R 2. 1 R 2. 2 R 2. 3 R 3. 1 R 3. 2 R 3. 3 R 3. 4 R 3. 5 R 3. 6 R 3. 7 R 3. 8 R 4. 1 R 4. 2 R 4. 3 R 5. 1 6. 1 R 6. 2 R 6. 3 R 7. 1 R 7. 2 8. 1 8. 2 R R R P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P R P R = Responsible for task P = Performing task P Acme Project Plan Resources: Anonymous. (No Date). Mexico business opportunities and legal framework. Retrieved February 4, 2005 from http://www. exico-trade. com/firm. html#gra. Anonymous. (No Date). Mexico business opportunities and legal framework. Retrieved February 4, 2005 from http://www. mexico-trade. com/sense. html#zon. Goldratt, E. (1998). Critical chain. Great Barrington, MA: The North River Press. Hampton Group, The. (2001). PMTalk newsletter. The project management knowledgebase http://www4pm. com. Retrieved February 3, 2005 from http://www. 4pm. com/articles/PMTalk07-24-01. pdf. Rigby, Ken (2003). Technical Management – a pragmatic approach. 2nd Edition. Retrieved February 3, 2005 from http://home. btconnect. om/managingstandard/techman. htm. 26 Reed Construction Data. (2004). RSMeans ® preliminary cost estimate. Retrieved January 29, 2005 from http://www. firstso urceonl. com/Means/members/result. asp? prname=&project=300&gsf=100000&zip=&Calculate. x=24&Calculate. y=2&Calculate= submit. Schwalbe, K. (2004). Information technology project management (3rd ed. ). Boston: Course Technology. State of Texas, Department of Information Resources. (2003, April 17). Planning guideline: Template project development plan. Retrieved February 2, 2005 from http://www. dir. state. tx. us/eod/qa/planning/projplan. htm#techplan.